The Journal of Philosophy, 64, 357372. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 19 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> On my account, the epistemic grounds for authoritative beliefs are exercises of authority rather than the reasons for exercising authority, which may of course be practical. I prefer warranted (and cognates) to Alstons epistemized for stylistic reasons. The knowledge is also the formal cause of the house by placing it in an instrumental order, making Anscombes special sense of the question Why? applicable: e.g. Geneva. Scott Fitzgerald (18961940). The introduction of a communication technology which links rural areas to clinicians at a regional hospital complicates questions of the way people interact with technology, especially as it regards obstetric care. Epistemic buck-passing and the interpersonal view of testimony. Study now. I should also emphasize that my use of the term is meant to be consistent with knowledge-first views (Williamson 2000). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 145157). 10 0 obj In Practical knowledge: Selected essays. Or, at least, the agent will have good reason to think the systems are malfunctioning. and transmitted securely. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. McKinnon, R. (2013). Careers. 1. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. John Zammito, the John Antony Weir Professor of History at Rice University, will give a free public talk at the University of Virginia's Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture on "Naturalism and the Claims of Philosophy to Authoritative Knowledge" on Feb. 14 at 4 p.m.. %PDF-1.7 The site is secure. Syntax; Advanced Search; New. <> Prenat Diagn. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 55, 243258. Theory of Knowledge, 3rd ed. Alternatively, if the grounds were a priori, one could argue, following Peacocke (2003), that we are entitled to form beliefs on the basis of these facts without the need of an inference. New York: Blackwell. See O'Brien (2007) and Setiya (2007, 2008, 2009), and Pieros Glasscock (2020) for arguments in favour of non-inferentialism. Learning Resource Types assignment_turned_in . <> Philosophical Perspectives, 24, 465475. Empirical knowledge (a posteriori) empirical evidence, also known as sense experience, is the knowledge or source of knowledge acquired by means of the senses, particularly by observation and experimentation. 5), though his influence is also evident in the discriminating component of the second condition. In J. M. P. Cohen & M. Pollack (Eds. His main research area is epistemology, and he has published widely in this field. <> Author J H Kennell 1 . Another way in which one might form a false belief is if one mistakenly uses ones authority. (1988). However, as my aim is not Anscombe exegesis, I shall not pursue the point. <> Philosophical Issues, 17, 120122. Raz, J. it is society and its needs that . Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Authoritative Knowledge" by Juan S. Pieros Glasscock. Cult Med Psychiatry. Intention. x\[o:~Gi+M @={E7Vla+fs)Z[of8zztcgg]7vszYw]}aQ~Ojuuyu9|{s|&)\e5=g/3$LDe]l?n"c6d8gq~#T(& 1+N?/noYzFWOnd\$[phLo}fuSvx$Q. You can help Wikiquote by expanding it. His monographs include Epistemic Luck (Oxford University Press, 2005), The Nature and Value of Knowledge (with Adrian Haddock and Alan Millar, Oxford University Press, 2010), Epistemological . Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. For instance, following a suggestion by Williamson, one might hold that a knowledge state is warranted in virtue of being reliable, but hold also that the kind of reliability required for knowledge is defined in terms of knowledge (ib., p. 100). Heather Baily is a dual degree Ph.D./MPH student in Anthropology at Case Western Reserve University. Reason in action in aristotle: A reading of EE 5.12/NE 6.12. <> A recent report from the World Health Organization (2016) states that universal health coverage cannot be achieved without this form of e-health. Lackey, J. <> Gammeltoft T, Tran MH, Nguyen TH, Nguyen TT. Erkenntnis Please read our rules before commenting and understand that your comments will be removed if they are not up to standard or otherwise break the rules. The example of the builder seems to me to make it clear that it is also the efficient cause of the thing known. See Thomason (1990), Witek (2013) and Langton (2015) for elucidative discussion of this issue. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Huemer, M. (2013). endobj 1999 Dec;20(6):439-45. doi: 10.1097/00004703-199912000-00007. Williamson, T. (2000). 2017 Sep;41(3):382-406. doi: 10.1007/s11013-017-9521-3. Welcome to r/askphilosophy. That would require an independent characterization of the class of conventional means that define authority, which I am skeptical can be done. In J. Coreil and J. D. Mull, (Eds. 1. : having or showing impressive knowledge about a subject. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-020-01508-w. Raz, J. Authoritative knowledge in this context must be examined on two levelsthe first level being how authoritative knowledge is constructed in medicine, and the second being how authoritative knowledge is constructed by individuals within communities. Why is marble white?. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Paul, S. K. (2009). The Monist, 68, 295324. In general, the traditional conception of reason excludes all forms of emotionality or subjectivity, aspiring to be as objective as possible . At the very least, this scientific knowledge is vastly superior to what we can know from any other discipline. Libraries were enthusiastic. Authoritative Knowledge Abstract: This paper investigates 'authoritative knowledge', a neglected species of practical knowledge gained on the basis of exercising practical authority. Langton, R. (2015). I am here indebted to Goldberg (2006) and Baker and Clark (2017). This means that rational knowledge is an analytical way of thinking, linked to a method. (2017). Oxford: Oxford University Press. It is sanctioned power, institutionalized power. 13 0 obj Stanford, CA: David Hume Series: CSLI Publications. Must we know what we say? 2002 Mar;12(3):360-72 intuitive knowledge examples Something particular is that science does not clearly know how intuitive knowledge is born , but this does not mean that it denies its existence. Arbitrary reference. Hawthorne, J. Schechter, J. Rinard, S. (2017). endobj A. Carter, E. C. Gordon, & B. W. Jarvis (Eds. % Article Accomodation, meaning, and implicature: Interdisciplinary foundations for pragmatics. In clinics providing maternal and child care, staff and clients jointly produced authoritative knowledge, most often a version of biomedicine, a process reflecting what the authors refer to as biocentrism. endobj Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rapp, R. (1999). Oxford: Oxford University Press. The science of nursing Is the knowledge in and of nursing. Studying telemedicine from an anthropological perspective builds on our understanding of how people interact with technology, particularly when seeking healthcare treatments, and how technology can influence a universal human experience, such as pregnancy and childbirth. King, J. C. (1991). (1995). I). The example is crucial to Anscombes further ethical aims of providing a proper moral psychology [on this topic, see Schwenklers helpful introduction (2019)]. Analytic Philosophy, 59, 309340. Philosophy. 1998 May;91(5 Pt 1):648-55 Bird, A. Knowledge and lotteries. 2016 Jun;30(2):168-85. doi: 10.1111/maq.12173. Authoritative Knowledge and Heteronomy in Classical Sociological Theory* JOHN LEVI MARTIN Rutgers University, New Brunswick This article traces the impact of philosophical questions regarding the grounds of moral autonomy and heteronomy (rule-from-another as opposed to rule-from-oneself) on clas- They combined it with reason to create shared identities; and with it, a general propensity to cooperate among themselves and persuade others. Weiner, M. (2005). This is a central theme in Razs writings on authority (1981, 1985a, b, 2010). A small girl/boy is a common term used in Ghana for a young person, indicating not only their age, but their social status and lack of social legitimacy. Authoritarian leaders typically make choices based on their own ideas and rarely accept advice from others. Langton, R. (2009). Phenomenal conservatism. Posted in Commentary, Guest Blog, Medical Anthropology, Medical Humanities, Tagged Africa, anthropology, authoritative knowledge, community health, Culture, ehealth, ethnography, Ghana, Global health, health, Humanities, illness, medical anthropology, medical humanities, medicine, obstetrics, STS, technology, telemedicine, treatment. For a similar usage, see Burge (1993, 2003). Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 67, 503548. 11 0 obj Oxford: Oxford University Press. Speakers freedom and makers knowledge. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Let's look at each in more detail: Authoritarian Leaders. Authority and justification. 14 0 obj Perhaps it is better to treat this as a case where the bully has or gains de facto authority, even though it is illegitimate (cf. Fricker, M. (2007). How to do things with words. The Philosophical Review, 111, 167203. Synthese, 55, 7396. Second, it can be epistemically rational for a person to believe a proposition even if the person fails to believe it. Google Scholar. Ethics and religion may be acceptable, but only if they are understood to be . See answer (1) Best Answer. Linguistics and Philosophy; As Taught In Spring 2014 Level Undergraduate. Apart from the terminology, the definitions are the same as those influentially presented by Alston (1983). In all this the philosopher of education prizes conceptual clarity, argumentative rigor, the fair-minded consideration of the interests of all involved in or affected by educational efforts and arrangements, and informed and well-reasoned valuation of educational aims and interventions. 9f^(1 Setiya, K. (2009). Sir Anthony Kenny presents a fascinating and authoritative new history of Western philosophy. Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication tools, namely cell phones and computers, to exchange information regarding patient health. McGrath, M. (2017). For an alternative, more restrictive view, see McGrath (2017). Testing women, testing the fetus: The social impact of amniocentesis in America. Testimony, knowledge, and epistemic goals. A virtue epistemology: Apt belief and reflective knowledge (Vol. 1. in philosophy, knowledge gained from experience rather than from innate ideas or deductive reasoning. Unger, P. (1975). Pieros Glasscock, J. S. (2020). This concept relates to legitimacy in the health care setting as authoritative knowledge shapes interactions between patients and caregivers, access to knowledge, and health care decision-making. There are three alternative ways to treat these cases: (1) treat them as cases of defeat, and, as many accounts of direct knowledge do, add an anti-defeat condition to the account; (2) treat them as cases of defeat, but argue that they amount to knowledge despite our intuitions to the contrary (as in Lasonen-Aarnio (2010)); or (3) argue, along the lines argued below for beliefs (b)(d), that someone who forms beliefs in situations where they have good reason to think the systems are malfunctioning fails to form beliefs reliably. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Data extracted from an earlier study of 30 women's responses to termination for fetal anomaly are reanalyzed to consider the women's views of, and responses to, prenatal diagnostic technologies (PNDTs). Ivry, T. (2010). Erkenn 87, 24752502 (2022). Revealed Knowledge: Certain behaviors, actions, philosophies, people, or items are 'good' or 'bad' based upon the authoritative word of some higher power. 2003;37(2):89-108 Typically, community health nurses are younger and not from the village in which they are assigned to work. Anscombe, G. E. M. ([1957] 1963). (1981). For example, while a mob has the power to punish a criminal, for example by lynching, people who believe in the rule of law consider that only a court of law has the authority to punish a criminal. Recognize if a person has feelings like cold, heat, illness, discomfort. Mind. 18 0 obj Duncan Pritchard is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Irvine, USA. I also thank Jewelle L. Bickell, Maxime Lepoutre, and Christopher M. Cloos for comments, and Allison Pieros Glasscock, Mike Deigan, Jo Demaree-Cotton, Eric Guindon, Mark Maxwell, Daniel Moerner, Jessie Munton, Paul Schilling, Tim Williamson, and Yuan Yuan for discussion. Epistemologists study the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge, epistemic justification, the rationality of belief, and various related issues. Cristi 2005), and the requirements of political obligations have been core questions from Plato and Aristotle to the present. Embodying culture: Pregnancy in Japan and Israel. (1985b). Since the emergence of social sciences, authority has been a subject of research in a variety of empirical settings: the family (parental authority), small groups (informal authority of leadership), intermediate organizations, such as schools, churches, armies, industries and bureaucracies (organizational and bureaucratic authorities) and society-wide or inclusive organizations, ranging from the most primitive tribal society to the modern nation-state and intermediate organization (political authority). I argue that, like perceptual . Anscombes intention: A guide. 5. In J. Google Scholar. Practitioners reported decreased maternal mortality since the implementation of this program, as well as an increase in utilization of local clinics and trust in the staff. It is important that Im concerned with what is sometimes called practical authority, such as a captain has over her soldiers. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Reasons without rationalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. LOGICAL KNOWLEDGE: arrived at by reasoning from "point A" (which . Study 7 sources of Knowledge flashcards from Courtney Baker's Abilene Christian University class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. Her research investigates the intersections of new telecommunication technologies used in healthcare and local structures of reproductive knowledge and authority in Ghana. Authoritative Knowledge Erkenntnis 87 (5):2475-2502 ( 2020 ) Abstract This paper investigates 'authoritative knowledge', a neglected species of practical knowledge gained on the basis of exercising practical authority. Copy. 2019 Jul;39(8):575-587. doi: 10.1002/pd.5464. Chen A, Tenhunen H, Torkki P, Peltokorpi A, Heinonen S, Lillrank P, Stefanovic V. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Raz, J. Intention as faith. MeSH She has a MA in Anthropology from CWRU and a BA in Anthropology and Sociology from Colorado State University. In Ghana, once someone has completed medical training of any kind, such as a community health nurse or a registered midwife, they must complete their national service, a two-year contract in an assigned village. The Knowledge Problem. Thus, being able to access and connect a patient to a doctor at a hospital over the phone has helped the nurses achieve more legitimacy and overcome their small girl/boy status. While the authoritarian leader uses fear, force or coercion, the authoritative leader attracts followers based on their knowledge, wisdom and experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bookshelf Fine, K. (1985). Nov 1, 2021 By Casey Scott, MA Philosophy, GDipEd English and Humanities, BA (Hons) Professional & Creative Writing. 2 More recently, it has received significant attention in philosophy of language (see n5 below). Am J Ind Med. Ethics, 118, 388409. Authoritative knowledge ( The correct ANSWER is choice D) Empirical knowledge which was not available in the answer section.) -, Soc Sci Med. stream No need for excuses: Against knowledge-first epistemology and the knowledge norm of assertion. Between authority and interpretation: On the theory of law and practical reason. Philosophers Imprint, 9, 124. Events and their names. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. (1967). Assertion, knowledge, and rational credibility. 6 0 obj endobj Idealism is the oldest philosophy in the Western culture. The question raised by (Q) concerns the propositions that are rational for the person to believe. Knowledge was first defined by Plato as justified true belief. Department of Philosophy, Georgia State University, P.O. because it already has been given a referent). Immanuel Kant: Philosophy of Religion. 4 0 obj Paul, S. K. (2012). Knowledge in and of nursing. Harcourt, Inc.. DeRose, K. (2002). Authoritarianism definition Authoritarianism (from the Latin auctor - creator, founder and auctoritas - authority) - a concept that arose in the 19th century, literally means the autocratic rule. Announcing our new Editor in Chief and AssociateEditor, AAA 2017 Session Highlight: Jonathan Metzl, Negroes With Guns: Mental Illness, Gun Violence, and the Racial Politics ofFirearms, SPA Interview with Dr. Greg Downey and Dr. DanielLende. Slote, M. (1979). Philosophical Studies, 61, 239265. Evidence and inference. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-020-00313-5, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-020-01508-w. Thomason, R. H. (1990). Authoritative Knowledge and Its Construction Published by University of California Press 1997 1. Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge offers first-hand ethnographic research conducted by anthropologists in sixteen different societies and cultures and includes the interdisciplinary perspectives of a social psychologist, a sociologist, an epidemiologist, a staff member of the World Health Organization, and a community midwife. According to Michaels, in the Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, authority is the capacity, innate or acquired for exercising ascendancy over a group. Authoritative sources in religion communicate their direction through commandments and/or expressed approval of behaviour deemed to be acceptable or beneficial, with the expectation that the subject of this didactic process will use wisdom and understanding in their actions of service. Understanding practical knowledge. I argue that, like perceptual knowledge, authoritative knowledge is non-inferential. We want to see what precisely it means to "know" something, and what the legitimate avenues are for gaining knowledge. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge. It would be hard for creatures like us either to keep the world on track without the help of our theoretical systems (e.g. Following this tradition, it is important to examine the intersections of technology, reproduction, and knowledge by investigating ways in which the introduction of a new technology changes how a patient might acquire and use knowledge. Box 3994, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3994, USA, You can also search for this author in What is authoriative knowledge in philosophy? Hill, C. S., & Schechter, J. We could give graded conditions in terms of accuracy, and there are some advantages to this view, but for our purposes the non-graded account will suffice. endobj Here, I am disagreeing with Setiya (2016), who take practical knowledge to be merely a formal cause of intentional action. A doctorate degree in biology, for instance, might give you epistemic authority, insofar as it entitles you to speak and be trusted about certain biological subjects, without conferring any practical authority, such as the authority to command others. The most sophisticated treatment of this worry is by Langton (2004), targeting Vellemans (2001) cognitivist account of intention. Believing for practical reasons. Schwenkler, J. Alston, W. P. (1983). <> (2015). One of the central concerns of philosophy is to understand the concept of knowledge, which might help us distinguish between the convictions of a Heaven's Gate believer and the convictions of, say, a scientist. Google Scholar. Practical knowledge. Unreasonable knowledge. endobj In government, the term authority is often used interchangeably with power. The SEP was able to raise over $2 million from the long list of contributors, and Stanford added $1 million to the library endowment. Setiya, K. (2008). How we know what were doing. Philosophers Imprint, 15, 34. endobj Reprod Health Matters. Thus, the foundation of true knowledge for the rationalists is that it originates . Baker, J., & Clark, P. (2017). 24.211S14 Theory of Knowledge: Midterm Paper -Student Example 24.211S14 Theory of Knowledge: Short Writing Assignment 1 24.211S14 Theory of Knowledge: Short Writing Assignment 2 . -, Obstet Gynecol. 1 0 obj Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The Philosophical Review, 114, 227251. (2016). In political philosophy, the jurisdiction of political authority, the . ), Knowledge first: Approaches in epistemology and mind. King (1991) attempts a reduction of the sort, but it suffers from well-known difficulties (Breckenridge and Magidor 2012). The contrast shouldnt be overemphasized, though. Technology and the social distribution of knowledge: Issues for primary health care in developing countries. I argue against the thesis that intentional action requires knowledge in Pieros Glasscock (2019a), though I have become doubtful whether the thesis should be ascribed to Anscombe, as is universally assumed in the scholarship. Epistemology is considered a major subfield of philosophy, along with other major subfields such as ethics, logic, and metaphysics. Practical reflection. Schwenkler, J. (2012). I thank the participants for discussion and comments, especially David Bakhurst, Jeremy Butler, and Chirstine Sypnowhich. Book Having been reared in a distinctively religious environment, he remained concerned about the place of religious belief in human thought and action. Ethics, 120, 128137. Aristotle. The father of idealism, Plato, believed that people should concern themselves in searching for the truth. 19 0 obj The will to believe and other essays in popular philosophy. Pieros Glasscock, S. J. We could easily imagine a similar case where a baptismal act fails on account of failure of competence on the part of an audience that fails to recognize the baptismal character of an act. Knowledge and its limits. Mind, 90, 441443. Jordan, B. Perceptual entitlement. Rubel MA, Werner-Lin A, Barg FK, Bernhardt BA. In November 2015, Tanja Ahlin and Mark Nichter issued a Take a Stand statement in the Critical Anthropology for Global Health interest group (available here), calling for more anthropologists to study telemedicine. 1996 Apr;29(4):329-37 (2019b). Raz, J. <> de Saint-Exupry, A. Ignorance: A case for scepticism. 2011-07-20 23:42:58. Hawthornes lottery puzzle and the nature of belief. endobj Report of the third global survey on eHealth. Practical Knowledge and Luminosity. Finally, thanks especially to David Charles, Steve Darwall, Reier Helle, Jason Stanley, Gideon Yaffe, and Zoltn Gendler Szab for comments and discussion on earlier drafts. 3. unwarranted true beliefs These are lucky guesses or coincidences and not knowledge. Dekkers FHW, Go ATJI, Stapersma L, Eggink AJ, Utens EMWJ. See Schwenkler (2015) for a helpful review of the literature on practical knowledge, along with a positive Anscombean account of the nature of the phenomenon. Ghana is in the midst of scaling up a successful telemedicine pilot project into a national telemedicine program through Ghana Health Services.
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